Stem cells are progenitor cells that have the potential to become a variety of cells that theoretically can treat various disorders. Adult stem cells are found in many different tissues within the adult body. Although adult stem cells usually differentiate into the specialized cells associated with the originating tissue, when certain environmental cues are provided, they can mature into cells associated with other tissue. For example, under appropriate circumstances, bone-marrow-derived stem cells have the potential to become nerve cells.
Bone marrow contains different types of stem cells. Bone marrow-derived stem cells possess a natural ability to repair damaged tissues and restore function. Some of these cells give rise to blood cells, some give rise to bone or cartilage and some can evolve into nerve cells and nerve-support cells (glia). Internationally, the use of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) have been used to treat myocardial infarction (heart damage), breast cancer, bone defects in children and ALS (a Motor Neuron Disease). These clinical trials have shown considerable promise and no adverse effects.
In animal models, when BMSCs are transplanted into the injured adult spinal cord they have promoted repair and limited functional recovery. This may be via the production of growth factors or the generation of new nerve/support cells. We aim to employ these cells to promote nerve growth, re-function of dormant nerves and the generation of new cells within the injured human spinal cord.
Dr Stuart identifying human bone marrow stem cells (insert).
The laboratory has successfully established cultures of human BMSC's. This success has been made possible through access to surplus small hospital diagnostic bone marrow specimens. These have been obtained through connections with the NZ health services, the generous consent of patients, and after appropriate external review of our proposed work by the Regional Ethics Committee. The SCS Research Group is determined to operate with high ethical standards and at all times to aim for the highest possible safety in any treatment programme that is developed.
